We aim to help those of you that know next to nothing about computers.
Installation (or setup) of a program (including drivers, plugins, etc.) is the act of putting the program onto a computer system so that it can be executed.
Some software can be executed by simply copying it to a computer and executing it with no further ado; no installation procedure as such is required. Other programs are supplied in a form not suitable for immediate execution, and require an installation procedure.
Installation may include unpacking of files supplied in a compressed form, copying them to suitable locations, tailoring the software to suit the hardware and the user’s preferences, providing information about the program to the operating system, and so on. The installer may test for system suitability and available mass storage space.
Because the requisite process varies for each program and each computer, many programs (including operating systems) come with a general-purpose or dedicated installer – a specialized program which automates most of the work required for their installation.
Some software is designed to be installed simply by copying their files to the desired location, and there is no formal installation process. This was once usual for many programs running under MS-DOS, Mac OS, Atari TOS, AmigaOS since early versions of these operating systems and actually it is very common and “de facto” standard in Mac OS X applications and is also used for many Windows applications.
There’s so much fear about installations and there needn’t be if you follow the rules.
Silent installation
Installation that does not display messages or windows during its progress. “Silent installation” is not the same as “unattended installation”, though it is often improperly used as such.
Unattended installation
Installation that is performed without user interaction during its progress or, in a stricter sense, with no user present at all, except eventually for the initial launch of the process. An installation process usually requires a user who “attends” it to make choices at request: accepting an EULA, specifying preferences and passwords, etc.
In graphical environments, installers that offer a wizard-based interface are common. However these installers may also provide command line switches that allow performing unattended installations.
Answer file
Some unattended installations can be driven by a script providing answers to the various choices such as the answer file which can be used when installing Microsoft Windows on a large number of machines.
Self installation
Unattended installation, without the need of ……You can read the full article at Computer Help London
Pre-installed software is the software already installed and licensed on a computer bought from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM). A company that produces hardware to be sold under another company’s brand
Benefits
Purchasing hardware and software together is cost-effective, and discounts are possible from OEMs on bulk orders.
Pre-installation provides the convenience of turnkey solution, when the user does not have to worry about installation of various commonly used software, such as operation system or word processors.
Drawbacks
Pre-installed software commonly suffers from one of more of the following problems:
Pre-installed software is commonly licensed for use only on the computer it was pre-installed, and is not transferable to other computers
Pre-installed software may be functionality or time limited, in a effort to get you to purchase the “full” version.
Pre-installed software may not come with any media, should you need to reinstall it.
Pre-installed software may modify or replace the default browser or system settings, in an effort to target specific advertisements to the user; or may otherwise contain functionality the user might consider to be malware.
Pre-installed software may consume system resources, even if not actively being run by the user.
Pre-installed software may be difficult for users to remove, such as via the standard uninstall utility provided by the system.
Craplets
Often new computers come with pre-installed software which the manufacturer was paid to include but is of dubious value to the purchaser……..You can read the full article at Computer Help London
There seems to be a sudden expansion of portable hairdresser salons operating all over the place. including Maidenhead hairdressers. Some times the vehicle is a specially converted van and sometimes a ‘loosely’ named portable hairdressers service is someone visiting the client’s home.
Basically the mobile hairdresser is someone who is mobile or ‘on the move’ so he or she needs the use of special equipment that’s easy to carry.
The goal of a manufacturer of the specialist portable hair salon vehicle is to provide a portable hair salon station which has a relatively low cost of manufacture with regard to both materials and labour, and which is therefore affordable to me as a Maidenhead Hairdresser.
Portable hair salon stations can range from traditional to modern elegant with shampoo bowls at hair styling stations and more often these days, including super back wash units. Some of these maidenhead hairdresser’s portable salons are designed to impress clients as well as providing the amenities that a customer might demand and are available in many styles and prices.
Electricity is often supplied by a small generator and sometimes is connected to the client’s home although some sort of price decrease is agreed to reflect the cost.
The use of these mobile hairdresser salons is often for patients in care homes, hospitals or sparsely populated areas. The Polish communities in the UK are great users of mobile hairdresser units.
Wherever you go you’ll find Hairdressers in most towns and cities around the world, Maidenhead hairdressers included. Hairdressing is probably one of the longest going businesses in the world apart from the other one, also based around ladies.
It’s been recorded that razors have been found going back to the Bronze Age. A long time a go people that traded as hairdressers & barbers were also doctors, dentists and surgeons.
While performing a ‘medics’ there was often blood flowing, literally, and the red & white poles outside many hairdressers establishments were originally placed because towels soaking with blood were supposedly wrapped around poles to advertise a barber shop.
It’s obviously a lot more civilized and hygienic these days and at least the Maidenhead hairdressers tend to stick with dressing, cutting and styling hair. Hairdressers are now responsible for styling hair in new and wonderful fashions, but how do you find a good one, or one that you like? Well, here’s some advice, from a co-op of London Hairdressers,
Go on recommendation rather than a walk in. Ask your friends and colleagues who obviously use the services of a Maidenhead hairdresser who they go to. When it’s convenient, why not go there for the next hair do? Probably better if you have something simple at first while you look around at some of the work they do. 90% of a hairdresser’s clients comes by recommendation so they’ll try hard to look after you.
Price is another factor and obviously it must be inside your budget. Men can generally get a cheaper hair session at the hairdressers than women although men usually need it done more often. Even so, you can usually get a great price for what you want done.
Obviously famous stylists are more expensive than just a local salon however for special occasions getting your hair restyled by a well known professional is a great way of giving yourself a new and fresh look as an occasional treat.
Of course you won’t know how good they are with your particular type of hair until you’re finished. Did you get on well with your hairdresser, does your hair look nice and will it last to your expectations?
In my days as a Maidenhead hairdresser I was lucky enough to have a loyal set of regulars and of course the ‘gossip’ among us was rife.
How does a Maidenhead hairdresser choose which salon to work in, what are the motivations?
Generally they want to work with colleagues of a similar nature and also to have a competitive spirit and to produce good artistic work for their clients.
You’d imagine this was the norm but in fact it a rarity in many salons. These Maidenhead hairdressers guys and girls are artists therefore there will always be egos and insecurities between them and more often than not, customers can feel it.
So a salon owner has a problem with similarities to a movie producer. There is often a ‘diva’ prancing around and on some occasions, daggers are flying.
Even new clients can walk in and feel the tension in the salon….. that makes them nervous and the salon owner has to find a way to diffuse it.
He has to find a way for the personalities to work together in harmony and develop a salon that gives all it’s customers a great experience.
We’ve all had to work with those types that always stir up trouble out of jealousy.
If you’re a Maidenhead hairdresser reading this then you know you should only be competing with those other salons in your area, so get together with your hairdresser colleagues and come up with ways to make clients have a great experience and develop loyalty. After all, it’s your life and your future.
My name is Peter. I’m the editor of several websites devoted to natural foods and alternative health, I run an online club called My Health and Fitness Club giving monthly health information and I’m also an e-zine articles.com expert author. Over the years, many of my readers have asked me, “What is the best and healthiest way to lose weight?”
Although I know a lot about health and nutrition, the truth is, I didn’t have an answer to the weight loss question. In fact, I was a bit frustrated with the whole weight loss thing myself, because I eat VERY clean, healthy and natural foods and yet I still had a problem with stomach fat. Not that I was obese or anything, but even having a little bit of a belly is annoying and even embarrassing.
So, to help my readers as well as myself, I started a little research project. I scoured the Internet for knowledge about losing weight, looking better and most importantly, doing it in a way that was healthy and natural.
In my searches, I came across a lot of the same sites you’ve probably seen – I heard all the usual hype about diet pills, exotic weight loss berries, 4-minute workout routines, ab machines, as well as sites telling you about the worst foods in America and everything you were forbidden to eat.
Then I came across one website that sounded different: “Burn The Fat, Feed The Muscle.” I said to myself, “That’s exactly what I want to do – burn off the fat and feed my muscle! I know I need to eat healthy, but I don’t want to deprive or starve myself to death just to get a flat stomach.”
To be honest, it sounded great, but don’t all these programs on the Internet sound great at first? Was this just another one that will fail me in the end? I was intrigued enough that I decided to………………… Read more? and see what it did for my belly….Hm!
Raw Food Diet
What is it? (There’s a short video below with a very mouth watering lunch just to tempt you)
Have you heard about the Raw Food Diet? It’s gaining popularity and buzz, not just as a diet to lose weight, but a diet for a long and healthy life. We eat so much in the way of processed food that we don’t even stop to think about what we’re putting into our bodies, and how far we’ve come nutritionally from our ancestral, agrarian roots.
April Gold members at My Online Health and Fitness Club will recall last month’s article on ‘Caveman Cuisine’. This discipline confirms it.
A raw food diet means consuming food in its natural, unprocessed form. There are several common-sense rationales for why this is a good idea. Processing and cooking food can and does take so much of the basic nutritional value away.
Think of some of the conventional wisdom you’ve heard about for years, such as: If you cook pasta just to the al dente (or medium) stage, it will have more calories, yes, but it will have more the nutritional value in it than if you cooked it to a well-done stage. Or you probably remember hearing not to peel carrots or potatoes too deeply, because most of the nutrients and values are just under the surface.
The raw food diet means eating unprocessed, uncooked, organic, whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, dried fruits, seaweeds, etc. It means a diet that is at least 75% uncooked! Cooking takes out flavor and nutrition from vegetables and fruits. A raw food diet means eating more the way our ancient ancestors did. Our healthier, more fit ancestors cooked very little, and certainly didn’t cook or process fruits and vegetables. They ate them RAW. Their water wasn’t from a tap, it was natural, spring water. Maybe they drank some coconut milk on occasion.
Doesn’t it just make sense that this is how our bodies were meant to eat? It’s a way of eating that’s in harmony with the planet and in harmony with our own metabolisms. Our bodies were meant to work, and need to work to be efficient. That means exercise, certainly, but it also means eating natural, raw foods that require more energy to digest them.
Why The Raw Food Diet
Because cooking takes so many nutrients and vitamins OUT of food, we automatically start feeding our body what it needs when we stop cooking food and start eating uncooked, nutrient-rich foods. A raw carrot has exponentially more nutrition than a cooked carrot.
Cooking also alters the chemistry of foods, often making them harder to digest. Why do we have so many digestive problems in most western countries? Because we’re putting foods into our bodies in a form that we weren’t designed to absorb. High fiber, high water content fresh produce abolishes constipation of the bowels, cells and circulatory system. Obstructions are cleared and blood flow increases to each and every cell in the body. Enhanced blood flow is significant for two reasons: as mentioned above, blood delivers nutrients and oxygen to living cells, and carries away their toxic metabolites.
Obesity is endemic in the west. The diet industry is more profitable than the oil companies. Why? Because the way we eat and prepare our food practically guarantees that we’ll overeat. Psychologists tell us that we overeat because our souls are hungry. But in reality, our bodies are hungry, even though we may feel full. When you start giving your body the nutrients it craves, overeating will cease.
Eating raw foods is a boost to your metabolism as well. It takes a little more energy to digest raw foods, but it’s a healthy process. Rather than spending energy to rid itself of toxins produced by cooking food, the body uses its energy to feed every cell, sending vitamins, fluids, enzymes and oxygen to make your body the efficient machine it was intended to be.
You’ll naturally stop overeating, because your body and brain will no longer be starving for the nutrients they need. A starving brain will trigger the thoughts that make you overeat. The brain and the rest of your body don’t need quantity; they need quality.
DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND HOMEOPATHY
By Joette Calabrese, HMC, CCH, RSHom (NA)
She was one of those women who had everything: a loving husband, beautiful, healthy children, a well-run, stylish home, and intelligence to boot. She considered her life in order and often pondered it with satisfaction. She was slightly spoiled.
It wasn’t always that way though. Only fifteen years earlier she was single and suffering from debilitating depression, anxiety attacks and chronic fatigue. These were not the typical premenstrual blues and occasional anxiety attacks; they were the overwhelming, life-altering sort. Her life was bulging with medical drama and constant searching for answers. “Why,” she would whimper, “is this happening to me?” The answers were vague and confusing. From doctor to doctor she traveled only to find her inescapable illness deepening with each new medication.
Then one day, purely by accident, a friend mentioned that a relative had visited a homeopath which resulted in a cure of his anxiety attacks. Intriguing, she considered. It was an easy decision. She solicitously dragged herself into the initial visit only half believing anything could save her from her life of chronic suffering.
Yet, she was struck by the first meeting. Impressively, the homeopath spent nearly two hours in consultation with her, completely focused on what she had to say. “Everything about you is important,” clarified the homeopath, “even the position in which you sleep.” If nothing else, it was refreshing to have someone listen to her with genuine interest.
She left the homeopath’s office with renewed hope, because it was the first time anyone had eXplained what was going on. The homeopath told her that each medication she had been taking was concealing a symptom that was not only causing more serious ones but was suppressing her body’s ability to adjust to her condition. And further, her symptoms were not the culprits, but were gifts of insight that directed the homeopath toward finding the remedy that precisely suited her.
Once the correct remedy was determined, her sufferings would no longer be veiled but slowly melt away one by one. It might take some time, warned the homeopath, but over weeks, energy would be gained, anxiety diminished and perspective restored. Most important, homeopathy isn’t a cover-up of symptoms, but a proven world-wide medical method that uproots illness on both the physical and mental plane.
The day after her first dose of Aurum metallicum was a remarkable one. It so happened that she hoped she could eke out a day of one simple task. She simply wanted to organize a file she was compiling to build a case for social security benefits since she was no longer capable of work.
She had grown accustomed to measuring her time and tasks according to what her symptoms allowed. Most days were relegated to about an hour or two of productive time while the remainder was spent napping, peppered with anxiety attacks and weeping.
This day was different. Instead of the expected, she found herself organizing other files, too, and even wandering into the kitchen and making soup from scratch. This was a once-relished task that had also been left behind due to her mounting fatigue. Yet, here she was working and providing herself with a nourishing meal!
When she finished lunch, she noticed the pantry needed tidying. Instead of postponing the task as usual, she took it on with renewed gusto. “Hey,” she thought, “I remember this feeling. . . it’s the way I used to feel in college; energetic, capable and motivated.” It was then that she realized she hadn’t felt well for probably a decade. After the last jar of beans was wiped and returned to the shelf, she scanned the room for another undertaking. Maybe I’ll just start a load of laundry, she considered.
And so the day went: task after task accomplished with ease, unlike any other day for what seemed a life time. That night, as she lay her head on the pillow she took pleasure in reflecting on the accomplishments of the day and only hoped this had something to do with the homeopathic remedy.
“Nah, just a fluke,” she decided, and fell deeply asleep.
Yet, upon awakening the next morning, despite the cold, damp weather, a factor that had always worsened her depression, she prepared herself for another productive day. This happened day after day for nearly a fortnight when finally she experienced a panic attack. She wept a little, too; more out of grief that her new well-being might be coming to an end.
Then something uncommon happened. Just when the panic was coming to the usual breathless pitch, it abruptly stopped. And instead of the telltale exhaustion and residual diarrhea, there was a sense of calm. If it hadn’t been for the fact that it was nearly midnight, she would have phoned her homeopath. Instead, she jotted down her experiences of the last two weeks to report at their next meeting.
And so it went. Day after day, week after week, the depression appeared only occasionally, now shorter, now less dramatic. Her desire to go out and her stamina returned. The prescription medications she once depended on had now been eliminated; so had the over-the-counter ones, and she began experiencing the life she always envisioned. After a few more visits to the homeopath, her irregular and debilitating menses were also brought to normalcy and she stopped taking naps altogether.
This was about the time she met her future husband. They were introduced at a mutual friend’s house-the one who had earlier shared the homeopath’s name. Innocently, the friend wore strong perfume, a previous trigger to anxiety, yet none of this made our heroine ill. Instead she was particularly clever and charming that night, which caught his attention. No more fogginess and anxiety. Her intelligence sparkled.
Their marriage has been blessed with two children who are both taken to her now beloved homeopath for any ills. Conventional medications are not considered in her or her family’s lives. It’s homeopathy for all ofthem. Depression is a,thing of the past. So is the fatigue, diarrhea, anxiety, foggy thinking and menstrual disorders.
She has a good life, rich with the blessings of a family and vigorous health. It only looks from the outside like a privileged life was bestowed upon her. Perhaps she has higher-than-average expectations, hence the ability to bring them to fruition. There is an assumed excellence that comes from abundant health that she and her family have come to enjoy. Indeed, homeopathy has spoiled her.
Joette Calabrese, HMC,CCH,RSHom(Na) is a classical homeopath and educator. She is on staff at the British Institute of Homeopathy, Chautauqua Institute, Chautauqua, NY and Daemen College, Amherst, iVY Her CD, “Perform in the Stonn,” is a convenient study of homeopathic first aid and is a natural accompaniment to her phone-seminars. Her CD, “Secret Spoonjitls; Confessions of Sneaky 1110711, ” is a Weston Price styled primer. She is also the author of the book Cure Yourself and Family with Homeopathy. She can be reached at 716.941.1045 for phone consultations or visit www.homeopathyyvorks.net. To be placed on the mailing list leave your email on the website.
Published with kind permission of the Weston A. Price Foundation
Low fat diets, claim the pundits of medical orthodoxy, have been associated with good health and longevity throughout the globe and since the dawn of time. The research of Weston Price proves otherwise. From the Eskimo of Alaska to the hardy Alpiner, from Gaelic villager to African tribesman, Price discovered that all healthy indigenous people had a plentiful source of animal fat in the diet. Such Neolithic groups could still be found when Price embarked on his eventful travels back in the 1930s. But no one, of course, not even the indefatigable Dr. Price, could visit our Paleolithic forbearers, the so-called cave men.
The lack of direct evidence about our hunter-gatherer ancestors—who by definition neither cultivated crops nor domesticated farm animals—allows limitless conjecture about the content of their diets. The low fat school claims that the cave man ate lean meat, supplemented by copious amounts of plant foods in the form of sprouts, roots, fruits, berries and leaves; dissenting investigators assert that the cave man imbibed animal fat first and foremost, along with the meat to which it was attached, and very little in the way of foods from the vegetable kingdom. Both schools of thought are in agreement that the cave man diet was otherwise Spartan, lacking foodstuffs that were either salty or sweet.
Dr. Walter L Voegtlin argues for the high fat model in his book The Stone Age Diet, published in 1975. Humans are carnivorous animals he asserts, and the Stone Age diet was that of a carnivore—chiefly fats and protein, with only small amounts of carbohydrates. He notes that like the carnivorous dog, man has canine teeth, ridged molars and incisors in both jaws. His jaw is designed for crushing and tearing, and moves in vertical motions. Mastication of his food is unnecessary and he does not ruminate. His stomach holds two quarts, empties in three hours, rests between meals, lacks bacteria and protozoa, secretes large quantities of hydrochloric acid and does not digest cellulose.
His digestive tract is short relative to body length, his cecum is nonfunctional and his appendix vestigial. His rectum is small, contains putrefactive bacterial flora and does not contribute to the digestive process. The volume of feces is small; digestive efficiency borders on 100%; his gall bladder is active and well developed. Both the dog and man feed intermittently and can survive without a stomach or colon.
The herbivorous sheep, by contrast, lacks canines, has flat molars and incisors only in the lower jaw. His jaw is designed for grinding and rotary movements. Mastication and rumination are vital functions. His stomach holds eight and one-half gallons, contains bacteria and protozoa, never empties and has but weak production of hydrochloric acid. His colon and cecum are long and capacious; the cecum performs a vital function; the bacterial flora of his rectum is fermentative rather than putrefactive; feces are voluminous; gall bladder function is weak or absent; and total digestive efficiency is 50% or less. The sheep feeds continuously. He cannot live without his stomach or colon. His entire digestive tract is about five times longer, as a ratio of body length, than that of man and his dog.
Voegtlin argues that gross differences in the anatomy of man and the herbivorous animals make him unable to successfully adapt to a diet based on plant foods, particularly carbohydrate-rich grains, as well as to a diet in which milk products, rich in lactose, predominate; and that the whole range of modern diseases stems from his abandonment of the food choices of his primitive ancestors, based largely on meat and rich in fat.
He notes that, with the exception of vitamins C and K, all essential nutrients can be derived from animal foods, and that the cave man diet was certainly much richer in vitamins and minerals than our own. Modern devitalized plant foods such as sugar and white flour only hasten our decline.
A decade later, in 1988, Dr. Boyd Eaton published the Paleolithic Prescription in which he argues that the cave man diet was low in fat, particularly saturated fat, low in salt and rich in dietary fiber from plant foods. His Paleolithic prescription for optimum health is, in fact, very much akin to the so-called prudent diet of the American Heart Association. The typical Paleolithic macronutrient profile, he asserts, contained 33% of total energy from protein, principally but not entirely animal protein, 46% from carbohydrates and a mere 21% from fat.
Journalist Joe Friel translates these suppositions about Paleolithic eating habits into the following dietary recommendations: Select the leanest cuts of meat (wild game, if possible), trim away all visible fat from meat, include fish and fowl, eat low- or non-fat dairy products and include moderate amounts of monounsaturated fat in the diet in the form of oils and spreads of almonds, avocado, hazelnut, macadamia nut, olive and walnut. He lumps natural saturated fats in with newfangled hydrogenated oils as fats to be avoided. The cave man, it seems, thriving on a diet of lean venison along with roots, shoots and fruits, was altogether politically correct in his low-fat dietary habits.
Or was he? In a recently published collection of essays, Ice Age Hunters of the Rocky Mountains, we learn that the hunter-gatherers of the North American continent ate the following animals: mammoth, camel, sloth, bison, mountain sheep, small mammals including beaver, pronghorn antelope, elk, mule deer, horse, llama and large members of the dog family.
Mammoth, sloth, mountain sheep, bison and beaver are fatty animals in the modern sense in that they have a thick layer of subcutaneous fat, as do the many species of bear and wild pig whose remains have been found at Paleolithic sites throughout the world.
The bison and camel have humps composed largely of tallow. Furthermore, if the dietary patterns of present day African hunter-gatherers can serve as a guide, the Paleolithic hunter preferred the fatty portions of the carcass including organs, brains, tongue, feet and marrow. Archeological remains indicate that whereas meat from game carcasses was often left uneaten, the long bones were carried back into camps and chopped into pieces so that the marrow could be extracted.
Organ meats were eaten immediately, and often raw but muscle meat was preserved by drying, or by mixing it with tallow to make pemmican. Some investigators believe that the cave man’s preference for the fatty portions of his kill led to profligate practices wasteful killing of mammoths simply to extract their fatty tongues, for example and that selective hunting of the fattier animals was a prime factor leading to the extinction of large mammals such as mammoths, sloths and rhinoceros.
Bones of the bear predominate in many European sites. Archeologist Myra Shakley reports on an important Neanderthal site in Hungary where 90 percent of the remains were those of bear. Whole carcasses were brought to the site not just portions as was the case for other animals and the manner in which the carcasses were cut up suggests that the skins were removed. Obviously the pelts were used to protect the hunter-gatherer from the severe climate. The subcutaneous fat would not have been wasted, in fact, it could have been used for preserving other foods. Altars containing bear skulls found in caves in the Swiss Alps, and dated back as far as 75,000 years, indicated that the bear was worshiped as a sacred animal.
Present-day hunter-gatherers, as well as those of the ancient past, possess greater dietary wisdom than the majority of our modern Ph.D.’s. They understood that a diet of lean meat, lacking in fat, was the surest route to weakness, disease and death. Steffanson, who studied the Eskimos and Indians of the far north, reports that when lean caribou was the only meat available, anxiety set in. These natives knew that a month or more on such meat, without the addition of marine animals or fatty fish, would make them sick and prone to disease.
The ancient tribes of the American West would not eat female bison in the Spring because nursing and pregnant bison cows burned off their fat reserves during the winter months. In fact, most bison hunts occurred in the late Summer and Fall when the bison were naturally fattened on the ripe grain of prairie grasses. Anthropologist Leon Abrams reports that the Aborigine will throw away a kangaroo he has killed if he discovers that its carcass does not contain sufficient fat.
Members of Randolph Marcy’s 1856 expedition to Wyoming grew weak and sick consuming a politically correct low-fat regime of six pounds of lean horse and mule meat per day; Dr. Wolfgang Lutz reports that a very efficient way of eliminating jailed political prisoners in South and Central America is to feed them a diet composed exclusively of lean meat. They soon develop severe diarrhea and succumb. The explanation is that fats contain nutrients like vitamin A that the body needs to utilize the amino acids and minerals in flesh foods; without fat in the diet, the body rapidly uses up its own stores of fat soluble vitamins. When these vital nutrients are depleted, the human organism can no longer fight off disease.
Was the cave man diet simply rich in unsaturated fats, but low in saturated fats? Antelope and caribou fat is over 50% saturated, about the same as beef and mountain sheep fat would be the similar. Buffalo fat is 56% saturated, more saturated than beef! All ruminant animals contain lots of saturated fat because the protozoa in their capacious guts do an efficient job of saturating the oils found in plant foods whether these oils come from dried hay or green grass, from feedlot corn or the ripe grains of prairie grasses. (Of course naturally-fed meat is richer in vitamins and minerals.)
The bison were hunted in the late Summer and Fall when their fat stores would have been highest. Grazing animals spend several months eating the carbohydrate-rich seeds of wild grasses, which begin to ripen as early as the month of May grain fattening in feedlots merely mimics this natural process.
Camel fat, from the kind of animal the Neanderthals apparently hunted to extinction, is a whooping 63% saturated! Wild boar fat is about 41% saturated, exactly the same as lard from a domestic pig. Kidney fat which modern man avoids but which the cave man would have eaten is highly saturated. Buffalo kidney fat is 58% saturated, antelope kidney fat is 65% saturated, elk kidney fat is 62% saturated and mountain goat kidney fat is 66 % saturated.
Caribou marrow has a preponderance of monounsaturated fat, and a small amount of polyunsaturated, but still contains more than 27% saturated fat. Figures for elephant tongue are unavailable but beef tongue is 45% saturated. Bears, which yield 48% of their kilocalories as fat, have a preponderance of monounsaturated fat, the same kind found in olives, almonds and other nuts.
Seafood in coastal regions would also have provided fat for primitive man, particularly the valuable omega-3 fatty acids;; insects, grubs and worms are a source of additional fat in all regions except the arctic.
So the high-fat proponents are the most likely winners of the great Paleolithic fat debate; but they are probably wrong in their assertions that plant foods, particularly grains, are new to the human diet. Remains of plant foods at Paleolithic sites include seeds, berries, roots, leaves and bulbs. Sunflower seeds, prickly pear seeds, amaranth seeds and limber pine seeds have been found at Rocky Mountain sites. Various types of nuts were consumed by primitives in the Americas and on the European continent.
The amount of plant food in the cave man diet varied according to the climate and locality. Obviously plant foods were minimal in the diets of those in arctic climates, but played a large role in tropical regions. Nuts, of course, provided additional fat. The pecan, consumed in large quantities by the Indians of the Southeast, contains 85% of calories as fat. In tropical regions, palm nuts and coconuts provide large quantities of saturated fats.
Present day hunter-gatherers employ special preparation methods for carbohydrate-rich foods. Acorns, for example, are soaked in water and lye to remove tannins; tubers are buried in the ground, pounded or cooked in hearth ashes; seeds are soaked, pounded and allowed to ferment in various ways. It is safe to assume that the ancient hunter-gatherers employed similar techniques to neutralize the many enzyme inhibitors, irritants and mineral blocking substances found in tubers and seeds.
In fact, a large portion of the primitive woman’s day was spent in just such preparations, pounding, soaking, sieving, souring and putting the finishing touches on various types of root and seed foods. The men, on the other hand, divided their time between dangerous hunting forays, in which physical stamina and strength was at a premium, and periods of idleness when they would work on their weapons….and gossip.
So the comparison of the human digestive tract with that of the dog, while interesting, does not tell the whole story. Man can benefit from the many nutrients in plant foods as long as he takes care in their preparation. Primitive plant preparation methods—pounding, soaking, and fermenting—imitate the time-consuming processes that take place in the sheep’s digestive tract, beginning with his flat grinding molars and ending with the fermentative bacteria in his lower bowel.
The Paleolithic hunter-gatherer had the good sense not only to eat the fattier portions of meat, but to prepare his plant foods correctly. Modern man, particularly the modern professor of nutrition, does not.
Dogs, apparently, were the first animal to be domesticated by man, or, as the current theory holds, the dogs adopted man and went to work for him. A man with five or six dogs can track down and kill the largest of wild animals. Dogs made hunting less dangerous, and allowed our intrepid cave man to stand back and kill his prey with something he threw an arrow or light spear rather than with a lance that he physically had to thrust in. Almost certainly, the advent of the dog at man’s side hastened the extinction of the large fatty animals that had given the cave man his physical prowess and resistance to disease.
But the dog would also have helped the hunter move into his Neolithic phase, by rounding up wild sheep, cattle and goats and helping to keep them in flocks, so that their fatty meat and milk would be available throughout the year. Such milk was much richer than milk from today’s Holsteins which have been bred to produce low-fat milk The neo-agriculturist would have been ruled by his tastebuds, rather than modern advertising, and consumed his milk products whole.
Assuming that man’s tastebuds are not superfluous, but nature’s way of guiding him to the food he needs, let us examine the notion that the cave man diet satisfied only the bitter, sour or pungent portion of his tasting apparatus, and not the salty or sweet. A number of studies report that honey, far from being a rare delicacy, contributed a substantial portion of the calories in many primitive diets. The Hazda of Tanzania, the Mbuti pygmies of the Congo, the Veddas or Wild Men of Sri Lanka, the Guayaka Indians of Paraguay, the Bushmen of South Africa and the Aborigines of Australia, all put a high value on honey and consumed it in large amounts.
East coast American Indians consumed plentiful portions of maple syrup, and used it in the production of pemmican. Wild fruits and berries are incredibly sweet at the peak of ripeness, and can be preserved in various ways for consumption throughout the year. Fermented foods of the Eskimo are described as tasting as sweet as candy. Primitive man did not consume refined sweeteners, as we do, but neither did he neglect his sweet tooth.
It is hard to imagine that he would have neglected his taste for salt. It occurs naturally in meat and blood and, as animals seek out natural salt licks, so our sensible cave man would have done the same. The manufacture of salt can be accomplished simply by filling a hollowed out log with sea water and letting the brine evaporate. The evidence of place names in England indicates that salt was the earliest commodity to be traded from the seacoast, or from salt pits, to other areas.
In extremely remote locations, such as the Himalayas or the interior of Africa, the ashes of sodium-rich marsh grasses are added to food. It is reported that the members of the Yanomami tribe in the Amazon basin do not take in any added salt. In an apparent adoptive measure, they also excrete almost no salt in the urine.
Milk is salty because mammals need salt for the production of hydrochloric acid and for the development of the brain and nervous system. Without dietary salt, the human mind does not fully develop and man must live, not by his wits like the ingenious cave man from the dawn of time, but as a brute, even if he happens to be born in this modern age.
About the Authors
Sally Fallon – Sally Fallon is the author of Nourishing Traditions: The Cookbook that Challenges Politically Correct Nutrition and the Diet Dictocrats (with Mary G. Enig, PhD), a well-researched, thought-provoking guide to traditional foods with a startling message: Animal fats and cholesterol are not villains but vital factors in the diet, necessary for normal growth, proper function of the brain and nervous system, protection from disease and optimum energy levels. She joined forces with Enig again to write Eat Fat, Lose Fat, and has authored numerous articles on the subject of diet and health. The President of the Weston A. Price Foundation and founder of A Campaign for Real Milk, Sally is also a journalist, chef, nutrition researcher, homemaker, and community activist. Her four healthy children were raised on whole foods including butter, cream, eggs and meat.
Mary G. Enig, PhD – Mary is an expert of international renown in the field of lipid biochemistry. She has headed a number of studies on the content and effects of trans fatty acids in America and Israel, and has successfully challenged government assertions that dietary animal fat causes cancer and heart disease. Recent scientific and media attention on the possible adverse health effects of trans fatty acids has brought increased attention to her work. She is a licensed nutritionist, certified by the Certification Board for Nutrition Specialists, a qualified expert witness, nutrition consultant to individuals, industry and state and federal governments, contributing editor to a number of scientific publications, Fellow of the American College of Nutrition and President of the Maryland Nutritionists Association.
She is the author of over 60 technical papers and presentations, as well as a popular lecturer. Dr. Enig is currently working on the exploratory development of an adjunct therapy for AIDS using complete medium chain saturated fatty acids from whole foods. She is Vice-President of the Weston A Price Foundation and Scientific Editor of Wise Traditions as well as the author of Know Your Fats: The Complete Primer for Understanding the Nutrition of Fats, Oils, and Cholesterol, Bethesda Press, May 2000. She is the mother of three healthy children brought up on whole foods including butter, cream, eggs and meat.
